Gilia tweedyi
| Gilia tweedyi | |
|---|---|
| |
| Gilia tweedyi collected in 1898, Fort Steele, Wyoming, USA | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Polemoniaceae |
| Genus: | Gilia |
| Species: | G. tweedyi
|
| Binomial name | |
| Gilia tweedyi Rydb. 1905
| |
Gilia tweedyi, or Tweedy's gilia, is an annual plant in the phlox family. It is native to the northwestern United States.
Taxonomy
[edit]Gilia tweedyi was described and published in 1905 by Per Axel Rydberg, who named it in honor of Frank Tweedy, one of the earliest collectors. Rydberg's type description is based on Tweedy's specimen #4422, deposited at the New York Botanical Garden's Steere Herbarium.[1][2][3]
In his description, Rydberg noted the similarity of Gilia tweedyi to Gilia inconspicua and Gilia minutiflora. "From the former it differs in the smaller corolla, of which not only the corolla-tube but also the throat is included in the calyx; from the latter it differs in the pinnatifid leaves."[2] But the similarities would lead to taxonomic revision, with Gilia tweedy temporarily demoted to subspecific status.
In 1907, August Brand published Gilia minutiflora var. tweedyi.[4] In 1959, Arthur Cronquist created Gilia sinuata var. tweedyi (formerly Gilia inconspicua var. sinuata),[5] and then Gilia inconspicua var. tweedyi in 1984.[6] These subspecific taxa are no longer recognized; Gilia tweedy is the currently accepted name.[7][8]
Description
[edit]Gilia tweedyi is an annual 5–40 cm (2.0–15.7 in) tall, the stems usually branched. Height and branching are quite variable, probably dependent on habitat conditions. Stems and leaves have distinctive cottony or cobwebby hairs, and are glandular, more so in the upper part of the plant. Basal leaves are 2–5 cm (0.79–1.97 in) long, deeply lobed, the lobes mucronate (with sharp pointed tips); stem leaves are smaller, also mucronate. Flowers are in an open inflorescence (or flowers single to few in small individuals), the corollas (united petals) funnelform, blue with a yellow throat, the tube to 5 mm long with short lobes. Mature capsules are 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long.[9]
Distribution
[edit]Gilia tweedyi is native to the northwestern US, from Oregon through central Idaho east to Montana, and south to northeast Nevada, Wyoming and northwest Colorado.[10][9] It grows in juniper woodlands, sagebrush and other desert shrublands, dry grasslands and on dry sparsely vegetated sites, at 500 m (1,600 ft) to 2,500 m (8,200 ft) elevation.[9][11]
Conservation status
[edit]Tweedy's gilia is ranked G4, i.e., apparently secure globally. It is of state conservation concern in Montana and Wyoming.[12]
History
[edit]Gilia tweedyi was named by Per Axel Rydberg in honor of botanist Frank Tweedy, who made several of the earliest collections, one of which (#4422) was the basis for Rydberg's type description. At the time, Tweedy was working as a topographer for the US Geological Survey.[13] The type specimen was collected in 1901, from a river bottom near Encampment, Wyoming, at 7200 ft elevation.[1] Earlier collections made by Aven Nelson, Professor of Botany at the University of Wyoming, in 1898 in southern Wyoming, and by Tweedy in 1900 in the Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming, are paratypes.[2][14]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Gilia Tweedyi type, NY
- ^ a b c Rydberg, P.A. 1905. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 634. (Biodiversity Heritage Library)
- ^ Gilia tweedyi in TROPICOS
- ^ Brand, August. 1907. Pflanzenr. 27:92.
- ^ Cronquist, A. 1959. In Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest 4: 108
- ^ Cronquist, A. 1984. In Intermountain Flora 4:114
- ^ Gilia tweedyi in ITIS Accessed 19 Dec 2020.
- ^ Polemoniaceae of North America Update, database, 2011 Accessed 19 Dec 2020.
- ^ a b c Tweedy's Gilia, Montana Field Guide
- ^ Gilia tweedyi in USDA Plants Database
- ^ SEINet Search for Gilia tweedyi, 19 Dec 2020
- ^ Gilia tweedyi in NatureServe Explorer. Accessed 19 December 2020
- ^ Lesica, Peter; Krukeberg, Arthur (2017). "Frank Tweedy (1854–1937)". In Potter, Rachel; Lesica, Peter (eds.). Montana's Pioneer Botanists: Exploring the Mountains and Prairies. Montana Native Plant Society. ISBN 978-0-692-83690-3.
- ^ Williams, R.L. 2003. "A region of astonishing beauty", the botanical exploration of the Rocky Mountains. Roberts Rinehart Publ. p. 142